Why professional certainty caused family harm.
A confident theory can still be false.
Bettelheim's influence spread a harmful theory of autism that blamed mothers and shaped practice for years.
The damage shows how dangerous professional certainty can be when evidence is weak and families lack power.
Awareverse values humility in support work.
When looking at bruno bettelheim, ask: who had power, who was being labelled, and what would have changed if the human being had been seen first?